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MECHANICAL DRAWING 

COPY PLATES 



RASMUSEN 



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THE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 



MECHANICAL DRAWING 

r^P\DV PT AXI7Q 



■BY- 



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jfEl RASMUSEISr 

Professor of Engineering Drav^ring, Department of Applied Mechanics and 

Machine Design 

University of Nebraska 



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CHICAGO AND LINCOLN 
The University Publishing Company 



Copyright 1918 
THE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 



All rights reserved 



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MECHANCAL DQAWm 

PLATE NO./. FROM COPY 

UniV^flSITY OF liCBRAiM. 


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lA/rought Iron 





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MECH/\NICAL DRAWING 

PLATE NO. 

B0LT5 AND5CREW5 
UNIVERSITY or NEBRA5KA 



LINCOLN 



Name 



Date 



Tapg^ ho/e for ^'>stuo/. 




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A/fake an /3o/r?etr/c draw/ng or?/(/, of fhe ohou'e. 



MEGHAN /CAL DRAVV?N6 
PLATE- ISOMETRIC MO. 3. 

STCFFZ/VG BOX. C.I 
UNIV£R5lTY0FfMEBRASKA 
LINCOLN. 



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riECHmiGFiL omwiriG 

PLFITE**l7mnC0PY 



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Name 



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Required -Mechanical Drawing- A = three space 5, each ^' 



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flLChAfilCAL DQAWm 

PLATE no- 

UhlVERSITY OF hEBRASM 
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SOME SUGGESTIONS ON LETTERING 

1. The lettering of a drawing is part of its clothing and has mueh to do with its appearance. Bad letter- 
ing on a drawing, even though the drawing itself may be perfectly drawn, spoils its appearance. Good lettering 
is therefore a necessary requirement. By good lettering is not meant fancy lettering, but letters that are simple, 
neat and clear. This any student can acquire with practice. 

2. First steps. The first thing that is necessary for the beginner is to fix accurately in his mind the form 
of each letter. To practice making a letter without knowing its form is futile. Many students try to make letters 
and fail to make progress because they have not observed their form closely. 

It is sufficient to get one style of alphabet and get it well. If after acquiring one style of alphabet the stu- 
dent Avishes to vary his lettering by using other styles of letters he can do so. But only one style of letters should 
be used in the same word, sentence, or paragraph, as dilTerent styles of letters should not be mixed. Practice is 
necessary for all students, the amount of which varies Avith each individual, and the more care that is exercised 
in practicing, the more rapid will be the progress. 

3. The Alphabet. 

There are two types of letters, known as the upper case and loAver case, so-called from the position they 

occupy in the printer's type case. The upper case, or capitals, are shown in Fig. a; the lower case, or small letters 

in Fig. b. _,. 

Fig. a. 

ABCDEPGHIJKLMMNNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 

f\ABCDtf^GHIJKLMMNNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 

/2334-/I-5677Q9 

Fig. b. 

a bcdefg h ij k I m nopq rstu vwx Ljz 123456789 
a bcdefg h/j k I m nopqrstuvwx yz 

This style of making the alphabet is in substance the Reinhardt letters, from the name of its author, Mr. 
C. W. Reinhardt. The object of the author Avas to produce a letter that Avas clear and neat and easily and rapidly 
made freehand. As this style, or some modification of it, has been most universally used recently, Ave shall adopt 
it for the student to practice in this course. 



4. Aids to the Memory. 

.r«„„/' t/"'""^ ?''"■ '°' "'^ ^'""^-t 'V™'<>"*^-- ""i '""" of ««■»' '""■•■ l'>- 1"'"".'^ -..,!., ,,,,.,., h, 

groups. Thus .n the lower cas. letters Obdgp Q nd q , are very „u,,h U.. «a , T,,. !..„„ a .Uh-, 

very slight change forms the letters d g q . In the letters b and R the sa,„e loop r.-v.-se,! ,s p,„ ,.„ „„ .-.„„ 

s.de of the straight line of the letter a Another group ismnhruy.mnhr Lave ,«,y slight dif- 

erences. u is the n upside down and y has only a small addition to the straight line of u The S 

IS made with the larger loop at the bottom to give it a more stable appear'anee The + ,s snnnlv'a strai.H 

iTenle ZZTl': "" ' t^ "^''^ '"'■ ™' ""^'^ '^'' °' + -'^^^ '-"' "■«■' '» >'- tpp r Z line J, 
When the d.stanee between the two upper guide lines is 1/32 of an meh or less when it sliouFd e«™,l ITT 

..pper ,„ide l,„e. Care should be taken not to make the V and W with curved lines thus W V or U) W 

bar is IT'"/,'" """"' ' '"■""■' "" "■" '^ °""" "'"""' '"""""' '"^ "'"«■'■ ^-'i'' '--■ -d the cross. 
IS on he guide line as in f The letter J is the letter f reversed with no cross-bar and a dot added 

N/t M A T""'' °"'"'""" '""" '" """■ --'-"'■"-^PR-VW-MNH A variation .„ 
M N A S 4- . '^5 he noticed.__This variation in M and [Sj ,s used to save space because the sides can be 

™nrn;t:;:th:rmThe:pp:r^rt^"' ^ are-made sma,, the variation is desirable to prevent-he-inrfr:;;; 

ing fufly t^oTe .^^e Hies°lf [oratd^'^bj^l^^^'lris-'b^sf f^\Lil;f::e^^fp:,Yn^"lr^it /""- "'^t 
Alter some pr actice two ,„ide lines will suffice. The distance apart%f Sr^id^e Ces'lslu^Jly'inTe 'folfowi^'^ 
proportion: p / V /^ y - \ >^ — "^ 

should^pifctri tIelltt""th^Vse:i;:;.rosrn^t''uraT,: iZ^-^JL-^cT.k^ntt'liot'-'Vl'rfr ','r^'"™- -^"^ ^'^t''' 

urn perreet letters ot ditterent slant present an uneven, untidy appearance. For ex- 
ample /V^j^^^^^j^y (incorrect) /vj^^^^^^^^y (correct). 

case Jteri!rt,re'b|?h?mosIf;u1S tj^ ^^^^^(.'^^l^ ^^'^^Z '''-'''-■ ^" '<'-" 

8. Lettenng Pens. The choice of a lettering pen varies with the individual A (iillntf Nr. "^nc! • . 

medium stiffness and used hv manv drnftcmoT, Th^. r.« u ^ j uiuiviuiuu. .\ Uriiiott iNo. dOd is a pen of 

a litUc to round oH th^^L^p^ c^Sf tiT;"o Jed-'an^rrSu^id l^oiilrrpn^falst^ilL-d'" "" '"'"'' ^'^ " 



^ree /iana/ Leffer/ng^ LoiyerCa5d_ 
/Vafo/ra/ ^/an f 



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atcQfefgh/jk//77nopg'r^7'-U)/^X(/z abcc/efgh/jk/mnopqrstuvi/vxL /y -^ \, 

aJbcdefgi7/jk/mr7opqr5tZ/Vwxyz ' ^ 

Lower case /effers are not a// t/ie same /7e/gf/if. The^/ are c//y/dec^ /r?to ti^o 
groups. T/7e f/rst <group /s ore space /'r /le/g/rf: T/ye secorof is ore arof ore-ho/f spaces. 

Vertical Letters 
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 

abcdefghijkimnopqr5tu\/wxy2 
The usual dimensions for \rzz hand lowercase letters are one eighth of an inch high 
for ox\z space letters and three sixteenths of an inch high for wt and one-half s/oace 
leffers. Letters are about the same height as \N\(^\y\. 

One 5 pace Letters, Natura/ S/anf. 
ace/mnorsai^wxz- ace/mnorsuyiA/xz' ace/mnorsui/ivxz 

Or\t Space Letters, Veri\ca\ 
aceimnor5Uvwx2 aceimnorsi/ivwxz jiceimnorsuv^wxz 

One arc/. Ore tialt ^pace L et ters, A/afofra/ J/ant 
ha/f/7k/tgfjpgi/ bo/t/ik/tgjpqy bo/tfyk/tgjpgy \ 

One and One Half Space Letters, Vertical \ 

bdf hKiltgjpqu bdfhkltgjpqy lc>o''^'^^l+gjpq^ ^ 

Letters ot S/mj/ar rorm 
ceoadggbp hmn'rofofj k/tti/v/xz s ceoaofgg^p 
ceoadgqbp hmnruyj kitfwixz 5 ceoaolgqbp 



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Von e of <5f(//ej of free /-/ancf Leffenh^ 
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free /ia/?a/ Letfer/ng is ///re rree //a^d Dromng. Hrj/ get a f^ei^ /17/^c^ 
amer?fa/ Pr/nc/jO/es. T?7en 14/or/: Oi/f t/ye Defa/Vs. The Appearance of f/7e^ 
Oeta//j lA//// Deper7c/ Large/g on the Sfuc/entb /Jb///fg tojee M/haf /?e/a- 
f/on^ ar?a/ /Paf/oj m// G/^e the dest Effect /n the /=>rot/em at f/anc/./IGooa 
/?a/e to ro//o^ /6 : Lag Out the Space ybuf/o^e to Use. /=~/nc/ Out t/o^/Wuch 
L etfer/ng /s /Vecejsarg Then Choose a<5tg/e of Letter/ng That lA//// Ma/re 
.the Best Appearance for the G/i/en Jpace. 



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"^f/OP N0TE5 
^^=^98 y[/anted. Cast /ron 
T/n/sh /ns/c/e y\//th ^tra/ght reame/; 

outs/o/e i^/th b/ac/r ename/. 
PATTERN ^/^AKEf? 

G/i^e 6//ght afraught, • 
the o/ramng shoyyj none 






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.JVUPPN/^L BETAP/^G forlA/000-/-ATHE: 
ShtOP '/\/OTjES 

To be we// f///ec/ r/7en f/n/shec/ i^/ tn 
feofo/ co/onec/ m ach/ne pa/nt 

D^PAP T/^EN T OP A PPL /EO /iECfrAN/C5 
V/V/l/EPJ/Ty^ or NEBPAS/<A - 



Compre55edTL/pe 
This will ■\Qkz up but small spoce and \5 easij 
to read if care is taken in making them. Do nof mn 
the letteri together, Make fhem ckan cut. 
PATTERN mKZR 

Pattern to be built mp a5 shown in drawmc^ 
6 wanted. MATERIAL Cork Pin^ "= 

type: 



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PLATE /V<2_ 

UMV£R5/ryOF A/£8/?A3M 

L/ NCOLNZ^ 
name: D/\ Ti. 




(y/v/r^D ^r/irf:^ g^oloo/cal ^(j/?i//^r 

Counfr/es^ Upper Case I/br // c a/ -NLBRA5KA 

l^o//e(/s Uppercase yer/-/ca/-^\M.Hf\nmi\V\ 
PeoAs , onU Posses/- oyyer Cose yerf/ca/- Pikes Pe a K . 

/younfo/ns Upper Cose l/erf/co/- Cumberland 
Poads, Tro//s ond P/Ags Upper Cose C/o-nPC//inPrCA/ PO/IDC 

Coryors Upper Case l^erPca/-QRmD CANYON 
C///es (Uppercase l/€rf/ca/-Z'r\\Cf\Q>Q 

I// //apes -Z oi^er Cose l/erf/ca/ - 5 m i th v 1 1 1 e .- 
d/'reefs Loiter Cose A&a//c- a/- Broadway 

Po/ /roods Uppercase C/onf-3UPL/NGPOA/. 
Oceons, Upper Co^e C/onf- PCL //A/C/ C 

Boys Uppercase C/ or/ -3PPP/ A/ 
oAes, Upper Cose C/onf-/V/C///CPN 

Cm a/// oAes L on^er Cose C/ort-PedLo/ce 
Spr/rps Z oj^er Case C/on/ -/Uof Cpr/nps 

P/i/ers Upper Ca^e C/arf P//ssoar/ 
5mo// P/i/ers Loyi/er Cose C/onf-TorA/o 

CreeAs Z. on^er Cose- C/onA- Ton^/ier 

DPPPPPP/PNP of //PPL/ED P7PCPf/IN/CS 
UN/ UP PC /PP of C/P3P/JSPP. 



P/PPP PO. 

//?fC P///VPl£rP£P/P(P/V0.3. 

u/v/i/£P,5/rropp£3/?//sm 

L//VCO/-A/. 



A//^TUP/JL SL/^NT 
/J3CD£rG/i/J/<l r//\/0P0P^rUl^l4^rZ-/2J4-3^7S 9 O 

/I 3 CD^rG/-//J/rL nOPQP^ TUI^IVX }^Z-/2^^ ^67S90. 

/f3CD^rG/i/J/rLP7A/OPQPSrU7l4/A'KZ. 

r/i£USU/IL D/P/£/VG/OA/S POP UPPfPC/I^Plprr^PG/fPPTPPfP s//- 

PPP/yPPS OPA/V WC/y P/G/i/IA/D OA/PP/GPP/i OP/^A/ /A/CP iV/OP, PACPPP 

POP 77ip"P7'/fA/D "lA/" iA/P/OP/^PP PPPPP ^//PPPA/PP^ /IPD OPP POPPPP 

OPPP/A/CP \/\//DP PPSPPCP/IPP/-P. 

VERTC/\L 
ABCDEFGHIJKLnNOPQRSTUVWXrZ -I 234567690. 

ABCDErGHIJKLriN0PQR5TUVXY-l23^5a76 9O. 
yABCDEFGHIJKmNOPQRSTUVWXYZ. 
THE STUDENT SHOULD USE THE STYLE OF LETTER HE CAN MAKE BE5T. 
PROFICIENCY C/IN ONLY BE OBTAINED BY CONSTANT PRACTICE. STUDY 
EACH FORM AND PRACTICE FOR THE PROPER EXECUTION OF IT NOTE THE 
HEIGHT AND WIDTH OV L/\C\^ LETTER. 



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riEChmichL ommtiG 

PLHTE NO. 

riECHRfilCfIL LETTEfUm. NO. 

umvcRsirY of tiEBfm^KR. 

LIhCOLN. 



Name 



Date 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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